Ni 10.0, Cr 20.0, Mn 1.5, C 0.33, Si 0.40, Fe 3.00, S 0.030, Co Bal., P 0.040, W 15.00
High Performance Alloys stocks and
produces HAYNES 25 (L605) in this grade in the following forms: Bar, wire, fasteners and forgings.
Nominal Chemistry
The major alloying elements are as follows: Cobalt 50%, Chromium 20%, Tungsten 15% and Nickel 10%.
Features
- Outstanding high temperature strength
- Oxidation resistant to 1800° F
- Galling resistant
- Resistant to marine environments, acids and body fluids
Applications
- Gas turbine engine combustion chambers and afterburners
- High temperature ball bearings and bearing races
- Springs
- Heart valves
Properties
HAYNES 25 (L605) is a non-magnetic cobalt based superalloy. HAYNES 25 (L605) maintains good strength upto 2150°F.
AMS 5759 requires minimum yield strength of 45,000 psi at room temperature. HAYNES 25 (L605) maintains good oxidation resistance up to
1900° F. HAYNES 25 (L605) has a unique ability to resist corrosion in very severe environments. Highly resistant to hydrochloric acid,
nitric acid and wet chlorine (subject to need for exercising care in its selection at certain con¬centrations and temperatures)
Hardenability
HAYNES 25 (L605) hardness is typically 250 BHN and never higher than 275 BHN by specification. Not significantly hardenable. Does not respond
to customary aging treatments, but strain aging at relatively low temperatures (700-1100° F) can improve creep and rupture strength when
the alloy is in service at temperatures under 1300° F. Also, tensile and creep strength can be improved by cold working. HAYNES 25 (L605) is
an austenitic alloy.
Chemistry
Chemical Requirements |
|
Ni |
Cr |
Mn |
Si |
Fe |
S |
Co |
Max |
11.00 |
21.00 |
2.00 |
0.40 |
3.00 |
0.030 |
Bal |
Min |
9.00 |
19.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
Tensile Data
Mechanical Property Requirements |
|
Ultimate Tensile |
Yield Strength (0.2% OS) |
Elong. in 4D % |
R/A |
Hardness |
Min |
125 Ksi |
45.0 KSi |
30 |
|
|
Max |
|
|
|
|
|
Min |
862 Mpa |
310 MPa |
|
|
|
Max |
|
|
|
|
|
Specifications
Form |
Standard |
Metal Type |
UNS R30605 |
Bar |
AMS 5759 ASTM F90 GE B50T26A |
Cold Worked Bars |
MCI 1031 GPS 2051 |
Wire |
|
Sheet |
AMS 5537 |
Plate |
AMS 5537 |
Foil |
AMS 5537 |
Fitting |
|
Welding Tube |
GE B50T26A |
Forging |
AMS 5759 |
Weld Wire |
AMS 5759 |
Weld Electrode |
|
Din |
2.4964 |
Performance Profile
Alloy L605 is the strongest of the formable cobalt alloys, useful for continuous service to 1800°F. Because of long and widespread use, this alloy has been the subject of many investigations to determine its properties over a wide range of conditions, thus making it an unusually well characterized material. Alloy L-605 is also known as alloy 25.
When exposed for prolonged periods at intermediate temperatures, alloy L-605 exhibits a loss of room temperature ductility in much the same fashion as other super alloys, such as X or 625.
Alloy L-605 is welded using gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc, shielded metal arc, electron beam and resistance welding. Submerged arc welding is not recommended. Use good joint fit-up, minimum restraint, low inter-pass temperature and cool rapidly from welding. For maximum ductility fabricated components should be annealed 2150-2250°F, rapid cool.
Corrosion Resistance
HAYNES 25 (L605) resistance to high temperature oxidation and carburization is good. The alloy, while not primarily intended for aqueous corrosion, is also resistant to corrosion by acids such as hydrochloric and nitric acid, as well as being resistant to wet chlorine solutions.
Density: 0.330 lbs./cubic inch
Machinability
RATING: 15% of B-1112
TYPICAL STOCK REMOVAL RATE: 25 surface feet/minute with high speed tools, 70 surface feet/minute with carbide.
COMMENTS:
All customary machining operations are easily performed. M40 series high-speed tools are customarily used. M2 alloy and carbide tools have limited application and are not recom¬mended for end milling, drilling or tapping. Sulphur chlorinated, water-based cutting fluids work successfully when machining this alloy
COLD-WORKED PROPERTIES
Cobalt Alloy L605 has excellent strength and hardness characteristics in the cold-worked condition. These high property levels are also evident at elevated temperature, making Alloy L605 quite suitable for applications such as ball bearings and bearing races. A modest additional increase in hardness and strength can be achieved through aging of the cold-worked material.
TYPICAL TENSILE PROPERTIES, COLD-WORKED SHEET* |
Cold
Reduction |
Test
Temperature |
Ultimate
Tensile Strength |
0.2% Yield
Strength |
Elongation
In 2 in. (51mm)
% |
°F |
°C |
Ksi |
MPa |
Ksi |
MPa |
10 |
70
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800 |
20
540
650
760
870
980 |
155
114
115
87
62
39 |
1070
785
795
600
425
270 |
105
78
80
67
47
27 |
725
540
550
460
325
185 |
41
48
37
8
13
15 |
15 |
70
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800 |
20
540
650
760
870
980 |
166
134
129
104
70
40 |
1145
925
890
715
485
275 |
124
107
111
86
52
30 |
855
740
765
595
360
205 |
30
29
15
5
9
5 |
20 |
70
1000
1200
1400
1800 |
20
540
650
760
980 |
183
156
137
107
41 |
1260
1075
945
740
285 |
141
133
120
96
30 |
970
915
825
660
205 |
19
18
2
3
4 |
*Limited data for cold-rolled 0.050-inch (1.3 mm) thick sheet
TYPICAL HARDNESS AT 70°F (20°C), COLD-WORKED AND AGED SHEET* |
Cold-Work
% |
Hardness, Rockwell C, After Indicated Level of
Cold Work and Subsequent Aging Treatment |
None |
900°F(480°C)
5 Hours |
1100°F (595°C)
5 Hours
|
None
5
10
15
20
|
24
31
37
40
44
|
25
33
39
44
44
|
25
31
39
43
47
|
*Limited data for cold-rolled 0.070-inch (1.8 mm) thick sheet.
TYPICAL TENSILE PROPETYPICAL TENSILE PROPERTIES, COLD-WORKED AND AGED SHEET*RTIES, COLD-WORKED SHEET* |
Condition |
Test
Temperature |
Ultimate
Tensile Strength |
0.2% Yield
Strength |
Elongation
In 2 in. (51mm)
% |
°F |
°C |
Ksi |
MPa |
Ksi |
MPa |
15% CW
+ Age A |
70
1200
|
20
650
|
168
128
|
1160
885
|
136
104
|
940
715
|
31
23
|
20% CW
+ Age A |
70
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800 |
20
540
650
760
870
980 |
181
151
144
108
74
43 |
1250
1040
995
745
510
295 |
152
129
128
97
59
33 |
1050
890
885
670
405
230 |
17
19
8
2
6
5 |
|
70
600
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800 |
20
315
540
650
760
870
980 |
191
165
149
140
116
71
42 |
1315
1140
1025
965
800
490
290 |
162
132
124
119
92
50
31 |
1115
910
855
820
635
345
215 |
19
28
23
13
7
9
12 |
*Limited data for cold-rolled 0.050-inch (1.3 mm) thick sheet.
Age A = 700°F (370°C)/1 hour
Age B = 1100°F (595°C)/2 hours
IMPACT STRENGTH PROPERTIES, PLATE. |
Test
Temperature
|
Typical Charpy V-Notch
Impact Resistance |
°F(°C) |
Ft.-lbs. |
Joules |
-321 (-196)
-216 (-138)
-108 (-78)
-20 (-29)
Room
500 (260)
1000 (540)
1200 (650)
1400 (760)
1600 (870)
1800 (980)
|
109
134
156
179
193
219
201
170
143
120
106
|
148
182
212
243
262
297
273
230
194
163
144 |
THERMAL STABILITY
When exposed for prolonged periods at intermediate temperatures, Cobalt Alloy L605 exhibits a loss of room temperature ductility in much the same fashion as some other solid-solution-strengthened super alloys, such as HASTELLOY® ALLOY X OR INCONEL® ALLOY 625. This behavior occurs as a consequence of the precipitation of deleterious phases. In the case of Alloy L605, the phase in question is CO2W laves phase. HAYNES alloy 188 is significantly better in this regard than Alloy L605.
ROOM-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES OF SHEET AFTER THERMAL EXPOSURE* |
Exposure
Temperature
°F(°C) |
Hours |
Ultimate
Tensile Strength |
0.2% Yield
Strength |
Elongation
% |
Ksi |
MPa |
Ksi |
MPa |
None |
0 |
135.0 |
930 |
66.8 |
460 |
48.7 |
1200 (650) |
500
1000
2500
|
123.6
140.0
130.7
|
850
965
900
|
70.3
92.3
95.1
|
485
635
655
|
39.2
24.8
12.0 |
1400 (760) |
100 |
115.3 |
795 |
68.9 |
475 |
18.1 |
1600 (870) |
100
500
1000
|
113.6
126.1
142.0
|
785
870
980
|
72.1
77.3
81.7
|
495
535
565
|
9.1
3.5
5.0 |
*Composite of multiple sheet lot tests.
TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES |
|
Temp.,°F |
British
Units |
Temp.,°C |
metric
Units |
Density
Melting Range |
Room |
0.330 |
lb/in3 |
Room |
1.93 |
G/cm3 |
2425-2570 |
|
|
1330-1410 |
|
|
Electrical
Resistivity
|
Room
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800 |
34.9
35.9
37.6
38.5
39.1
40.4
41.8
42.3
40.6
37.7 |
µohm-in
µohm-in
µohm-in
µohm-in
µohm-in
µohm-in
µohm-in
µohm-in
µohm-in
µohm-in |
Room
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000 |
88.6
91.8
95.6
97.6
98.5
100.8
104.3
106.6
107.8
101.1
95.0 |
µohm-cm
µohm-cm
µohm-cm
µohm-cm
µohm-cm
µohm-cm
µohm-cm
µohm-cm
µohm-cm
µohm-cm
µohm-cm |
Thermal
Conductivity
|
Room
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800 |
65
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
182
200 |
BTU-in/ft2 hr-°F
BTU-in/ft2 hr-°F
BTU-in/ft2 hr-°F
BTU-in/ft2 hr-°F
BTU-in/ft2 hr-°F
BTU-in/ft2 hr-°F
BTU-in/ft2 hr-°F
BTU-in/ft2 hr-°F
BTU-in/ft2 hr-°F
BTU-in/ft2 hr-°F |
Room
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000 |
9.4
10.9
12.9
14.8
16.8
18.7
20.7
22.6
24.7
26.9
29.2 |
W/m-K
W/m-K
W/m-K
W/m-K
W/m-K
W/m-K
W/m-K
W/m-K
W/m-K
W/m-K
W/m-K |
TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (continued) |
|
Temp., ° F |
British Units |
Temp., ° C |
Metric Units |
Mean Coefficient of
Thermal Expansion |
70-200
70-400
70-600
70-800
70-1000
70-1200
70-1400
70-1600
70-1800
70-2000 |
6.8 microinches/in- ° F
7.2 microinches/in- ° F
7.6 microinches/in- ° F
7.8 microinches/in- ° F
8.0 microinches/in- ° F
8.2 microinches/in- ° F
8.6 microinches/in- ° F
9.1 microinches/in- ° F
9.4 microinches/in- ° F
9.8 microinches/in- ° F |
25-100
25-200
25-300
25-400
25-500
25-600
25-700
25-800
25-900
25-1000
25-1100 |
12.3 µm/m- ° C
12.9 µm/m- ° C
13.6 µm/m- ° C
14.0 µm/m- ° C
14.3 µm/m- ° C
14.6 µm/m- ° C
15.1 µm/m- ° C
15.8µm/m- ° C
16.5 µm/m- ° C
17.0 µm/m- ° C
17.6 µm/m- ° C |
DYNAMIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY |
Temp., ° F |
Dynamic
Modulus of
Elasticity,
10 6 psi |
Temp., ° C |
Dynamic
Modulus of
Elasticity,
GPa |
Room
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800 |
32.6
32.3
31.0
29.4
28.3
26.9
25.8
24.3
22.8
21.4 |
Room
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000 |
225
222
214
204
197
188
181
174
163
154
146 |
METAL-TO-METAL GALLING RESISTANCE
Cobalt Alloy L605 exhibits excellent resistance to metal galling. Wear results shown below were generated for standard matching material room-temperature pin on disc tests. Wear depths are given as a function of applied load. The results indicate that Alloy L605 is superior in galling resistance to many materials, and is surpassed only by ULTIMETTM alloy and HAYNES alloy 6B. Both of these materials were specifically designed to have excellent wear resistance.
|
Room-Temperature Wear Depth For Various Applied Loads |
3,000 lbs. (1.365 Kg) |
6,000 lbs. (2,725 Kg) |
9,000 lbs. (4,090 Kg) |
Material |
mils |
µm |
mils |
µm |
mils |
µm |
alloy 6B |
0.02 |
0.6 |
0.03 |
0.7 |
0.02 |
0.5 |
ULTIMET alloy |
0.11 |
2.9 |
0.11 |
2.7 |
0.08 |
2.0 |
Alloy L605 |
0.23 |
5.9 |
0.17 |
4.2 |
0.17 |
4.2 |
Alloy 188 |
1.54 |
39.2 |
3.83 |
97.3 |
3.65 |
92.6 |
HR-160™ alloy |
1.73 |
43.9 |
4.33 |
109.9 |
3.81 |
96.8 |
214™ alloy |
2.32 |
59.0 |
3.96 |
100.5 |
5.55 |
141.0 |
556™ alloy |
3.72 |
94.4 |
5.02 |
127.6 |
5.48 |
139.3 |
230™ alloy |
4.44 |
112.7 |
7.71 |
195.8 |
8.48 |
215.5 |
HR-120™ alloy |
6.15 |
156.2 |
7.05 |
179.0 |
10.01 |
254.2 |
HIGH-TEMPERATURE HARDNESS PROPERTIES
The following are results from standard vacuum furnace hot hardness tests. Values are given in originally measured DPC (Vickers) units and conversions to Rockwell C/B scale in parentheses.
|
Vickers Diamond Pyramid Hardness (Rockwell C/B Hardness) |
70°F (20°C) |
800°F (425°C) |
1000°F (540°C) |
1200°F (650°C) |
1400°F ( 760°C) |
Solution Treated |
251 (RC22) |
171 (RB87) |
160 (RB83) |
150 (RB80) |
134 (RB74) |
15% Cold Work |
348 (RC22) |
254 (RC23) |
234 (RC97) |
218 (RC95) |
-- |
20% Cold Work |
401 (RC35) |
318 (RC32) |
284 (RC27) |
268 (RC25) |
-- |
25% Cold Work |
482 (RC48) |
318 (RC32) |
300 (RC30) |
286 (RC28) |
-- |
AQUEOUS CORROSION RESISTANCE
HAYNES 25 (L605) was not designed for resistance to corrosive aqueous media. Representative average corrosion data are given for comparison. For applications requiring corrosion resistance in aqueous environments, ULTIMET alloy and HASTELLOY® corrosion-resistant alloys should be considered.
|
Average corrosion Rate, mils per year (mm per year) |
1% HCl (Boiling) |
10% H2SO4 (Boiling) |
65% HNO3(Boiling) |
C-22™ alloy |
3 (0.08) |
12 (0.30) |
134 (3.40) |
Alloy L605 |
226 (5.74) |
131 (3.33) |
31 (0.79) |
Type 316L |
524 (13.31) |
1868 (47.45) |
9 (0.23) |
OXIDATION RESISTANCE
Cobalt Alloy L605 exhibits good resistance to both air and combustion gas oxidizing environments, and can be used for long-term continuous exposure at temperatures up to 1800°F (980°C). For exposures of short duration, Alloy L605 can be used at higher temperatures.
|
COMPARATIVE BURNER RIG OXIDATION RESISTANCE 1000-HOUR EXPOSURE AT 1800°F (980°C) |
Metal
Loss |
Average
Metal Affected |
Maximum
Metal Affected |
Material |
mils |
µm |
mils |
µm |
mils |
µm |
230 alloy |
0.8 |
20 |
2.8 |
71 |
3.5 |
89 |
HAYNES alloy 188 |
1.1 |
28 |
3.5 |
89 |
4.2 |
107 |
HASTELLOY® alloy X |
2.7 |
69 |
5.6 |
142 |
6.4 |
153 |
Alloy 625 |
4.9 |
124 |
7.1 |
180 |
7.6 |
193 |
Alloy L605 |
6.2 |
157 |
8.3 |
211 |
8.7 |
221 |
Alloy 617 |
2.7 |
69 |
9.8 |
249 |
10.7 |
272 |
Alloy 800H |
12.3 |
312 |
14.5 |
368 |
15.3 |
389 |
Type 310 Stainless Steel |
13.7 |
348 |
16.2 |
411 |
16.5 |
419 |
Alloy 600 |
12.3 |
312 |
14.4 |
366 |
17.8 |
452 |
Oxidation Test Parameters
Burner rig oxidation tests were conducted by exposing samples 3/8 in. x 2.5 in. x thickness (9 mm x 64 mm x thickness), in a rotating holder, to products of combustion of No. 2 fuel oil burned at a ratio of air to fuel of about 50:1. (Gas velocity was about 0.3 mach). Samples were automatically removed from the gas stream every 30 minutes and fan-cooled to near ambient temperature and then reinserted into the flame tunnel.
|
COMPARATIVE OXIDATION RESISTANCE IN FLOWING AIR* |
1800°F (980°C) |
2000°F (1095°C) |
2100°F (1150°C) |
Material |
mils |
µm |
mils |
µm |
mils |
µm |
HAYNES alloy 188 |
0.6 |
15 |
1.3 |
33 |
8.0 |
203 |
230 Alloy |
0.7 |
18 |
1.3 |
33 |
3.4 |
86 |
Alloy L605 |
0.7 |
18 |
10.2 |
259 |
19.2 |
488 |
Alloy 625 |
0.7 |
18 |
4.8 |
122 |
18.2 |
462 |
Alloy X |
0.9 |
23 |
2.7 |
69 |
5.8 |
147 |
Alloy 617 |
1.3 |
33 |
1.8 |
46 |
3.4 |
86 |
*Flowing air at a velocity of 7.0 ft./min. (213.4 cm/min.) past the samples. Samples cycled to room temperature once a week.
**Metal Loss + Average Internal Penetration.
Machining
The alloys described here work harden rapidly during machining and require more power to cut than do the plain carbon steels. The metal is ‘gummy,’ with chips that tend to be stringy and tough. Machine tools should be rigid and used to no more than 75% of their rated capacity. Both work piece and tool should be held rigidly; tool overhang should be minimized. Rigidity is particularly important when machining titanium, as titanium has a much lower modulus of elasticity than either steel or nickel alloys. Slender work pieces of titanium tend to deflect under tool pressures causing chatter, tool rubbing and tolerance problems.
Make sure that tools are always sharp. Change to sharpened tools at regular intervals rather than out of necessity. Titanium chips in particular tend to gall and weld to the tool cutting edges, speeding up tool wear and failure. Remember- cutting edges, particularly throw-away inserts, are expendable. Don't trade dollars in machine time for pennies in tool cost.
Feed rate should be high enough to ensure that the tool cutting edge is getting under the previous cut thus avoiding work-hardened zones. Slow speeds are generally required with heavy cuts. Sulfur chlorinated petroleum oil lubricants are suggested for all alloys but titanium. Such lubricants may be thinned with paraffin oil for finish cuts at higher speeds. The tool should not ride on the work piece as this will work harden the material and result in early tool dulling or breakage. Use an air jet directed on the tool when dry cutting, to significantly increase tool life.
Lubricants or cutting fluids for titanium should be carefully selected. Do not use fluids containing chlorine or other halogens (fluorine, bromine or iodine), in order to avoid risk of corrosion problems. The following speeds are for single point turning operations using high speed steel tools. This information is provided as a guide to relative machinability, higher speeds are used with carbide tooling.
Material |
Speed
Surface ft/mm |
Speed
%B1112 |
AISI B1112 |
165 |
100 |
Rne 41 |
12 |
7 |
25 (L-605) |
15 |
9 |
188 |
15 |
9 |
N-155 |
20 |
12 |
Waspaloy |
20 |
12 |
718 |
20 |
12 |
825 |
20 |
12 |
X |
20 |
12 |
RA333 |
20-25 |
12-15 |
A-286 |
30 |
18 |
RA330 |
30-45 |
18-27 |
HR-120TM |
30-50 |
18-30 |
Ti 6A1-4V
- soln annealed
- aged |
30-40
15-45 |
18-30
9-27 |
RA 353 MA~ |
40-60 |
25-35 |
20Cb-3~ |
65 |
40 |
AL6xN~ |
65 |
40 |
RA309 |
70 |
42 |
RA310 |
70 |
42 |
304 |
75 |
45 |
321 |
75 |
45 |
446 |
75 |
45 |
Greek Ascoloy Annealed |
90 |
55 |
Hardened Rc35 |
50 |
30 |
303 |
100 |
60 |
416 |
145 |
88 |
17-4 PH
- soln treated
- aged Hi 025 |
75
60 |
45
36 |
RA330 TM and RA333 TM are Registered Trademarks of Rolled Alloys
353 MA TM is a Registered Trademark of Avesta Sheffield
20Cb-3 TM is a Registered Trademark of Carpenter Technology
HR-120TM is a Trademark of Haynes International
INCONEL TM is a Trademark of Special Metals